Earning a Health Care Management Degree

A health care management degree is a type of business degree awarded to students who have finished a college, university, or business school program with a focus on health care management. This program of study is designed for individuals who want to manage aspects of healthcare organizations. Some examples of management tasks  in  healthcare organizations include hiring and training staff members, making finance related decisions, meeting stakeholder demands, acquiring appropriate technology to provide effective health care services, and developing new services to serve patients.   Although curriculum can vary depending on the program and level of study most health care management degree programs include courses in health care policy and delivery systems, health insurance, health care economics, health care information management, human resources management, and operations management. You may also take courses in health care statistics, ethics in health care management, health care marketing,  and legal aspects of health care management. In this article, well explore types of health care management degrees by a level of study and identify some of the things you can do with a health care management degree after graduation.   Types  of Health Care Management Degrees There are four basic types of health care management degrees that can be earned from a college, university, or business school: Associate Degree in Health Care Management - An associate degree program in health care management typically focuses more on general education courses but will also include several classes devoted specifically to health care management. These programs usually take two years to complete. After earning an associate degree, you could seek entry-level employment in the health care management field or go on to pursue a bachelor degree in health care management or a related area.Bachelor Degree in Health Care Management - A bachelor degree in health care management will take approximately four years to complete. While enrolled in the program, you will take a core set of general education courses in addition to courses focused on health care management topics.Master Degree in Health Care Management - A master degree in health care management focuses specifically on health care management topics. Depending on the program you attend, you may have the opportunity to choose your electives so th at you can specialize in a particular area of health care management. Most master programs take two years to complete. However, there are accelerated MBA programs available through some business schools.Doctorate Degree in Health Care Management - A doctorate degree program in health care management involves intense study, a great deal of research, and a thesis. These programs usually take three to five years to complete. However, program length can vary. Which Degree Should I Earn? A degree of some kind is almost always required to work in the health care management field. There are some entry-level positions that can be obtained with a diploma, certificate, on-the-job training, or work experience. However, it will be much easier to pursue and secure most management, supervisory, and executive positions with some type of degree in health care, business, or health care management.A bachelor degree is the most common requirement for a health care manager, health services manager, or medical manager. However, many people in this  field also hold a master degree. Associate degree and Ph.D. degree holders are less common but can be found working in many different positions. What Can I Do With a Healthcare Management Degree? There are many different types of careers that can be pursued with a health care management degree. Every health care operation needs someone in supervisory positions to handle administrative tasks and other employees. You could choose to become a general health care manager. You may also decide to specialize in managing specific types of health care organizations, such as hospitals, senior care facilities, physicians offices, or community health centers. Some other career options may include working in health care consulting or education. Common Job Titles A few common job titles for people who hold a health care management degree include: Medical Office Manager - Medical office managers, also known as medical practice managers and medical office administrators, oversee daily operations in medical practice. They may be responsible for scheduling, staffing, supervising employees, supply ordering and inventory, and accounts receivable and payable.Health Services Manager - Health services managers, also known as health care managers and medical managers, oversee operations and employees at health care facilities. Depending on the size of the facility, responsibilities may include employee supervision, financial management, risk management, record management, and communications management.Health Information Manager - Health information managers oversee the maintenance and security of patient records. Their responsibilities may include securing databases, maintaining confidentiality, and communicating changes in health care laws and regulations.Health Care Project Manager - Health care project managers are increasingly in d emand. These professionals are charged with overseeing specific projects and teams. They may be responsible for project planning, scheduling, budgeting, risk management, and much more.

Womens Rights in Pride and Prejudice Persuasion by...

â€Å"Are women allowed to say No†, in Pride and Prejudice / Persuasion by Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice (whose original title was First Impressions) was written in 1796-1797 when Jane Austen was 21 years old and first published in 1813. It tells us the story of Elizabeth Bennet and Mr Darcy, who will overcome the pride and prejudice they feel towards each other to find mutual happiness. Persuasion was written between 1815 and 1816. The main character, Anne Elliot, has suffered unhappiness after taking her family’s and friend’s advice to reject a man she loves. The â€Å"truth universally acknowledged† in the opening lines of Pride and Prejudice â€Å"that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife† defines the†¦show more content†¦During 18th and 19th century England, only the sons of families inherited the land, money or estate – these went to the eldest son and were not divided equally. Daughters never inherited anything, if there was no son, the nearest living male relative was the beneficiary. In Pride and Prejudice, on their father’s death, the Bennet sisters will lose the estate as it is ‘entailed’ to their cousin, Mr Collins. In Persuasion, it is a significant detail of the plot that Kellynch will pass to Anne’s cousin, William Elliot. In Jane Austen’s day, there was no state-organised education system. There were church-run day schools in the best of cases for the lower class, but the genteel children of Austen’s novels were given lessons at home by their parents or by tutors, or they were boarders or in local schools to which girls were not admitted. Parents had the choice for their children’s education and upbringing, but the choice depended mainly on their financial resources. Women were not allowed to attend public schools and since they did not usually make a career (the exception being if they were obliged because of their financial situation to become a governess), parents (and society) saw no need for them to receive higher education. â€Å"Female education† referred to women receiving a practical (and religious) training for their future domestic roles. Domestic training would be sewing or needlework,Show MoreRelatedJane Austen and Her Feminism1158 Words   |  5 PagesJane A usten and Her Feminism ---analyzing of feminism revealed in Pride and Prejudice Introduction It is universally acknowledged that Jane Austen was a major woman novelist in English; but it is also a truth that almost as universally ignored that Jane Austen was a feminist. By intensively reading her six novels (Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion) and studying feminism, I have found some significant and fresh thingsRead MoreEssay on Jane Austen and Social Status1559 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen essay outline Jane Austen, the English novelist, often spoke of what living under social classes was like with the status of women and their class during her time in the nineteenth century. Miss Austens novels all outlined this common link, during which she shows how it affects other peoples views of one another with respect. The upper class did not work, and contained some of the oldest families, in which most were titled aristocrats. Most of the income was received upon birthRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice Essay2236 Words   |  9 Pagesexpectations of her elders. They were not to speak their minds and pursue their own interests. This concept of conformity is highlighted in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice in which the majority of women lack individuality in their pursuit of marriage causing marriages to be based purely around self interest, money, or titles. In Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth and Darcy’s relationship is juxtaposed with numerous other loveless relationships to highlight the importance of a woman’s freeRead MoreJane Austen’s Novels and the Contemporary Social and Literary Conventions.12979 Words   |  52 PagesIntroduction to the Novel. 11 2.2. The Novel of Manners, Sentiment and Emulation. 12 2.3 The Gothic Romance. 13 3. Jane Austen and Her Novels in relation to the Contemporary Literature. 15 3.1. Austen’s Criticism about the Contemporary Fiction. 15 3.2. Jane Austen as a Conservative Writer and as a Social Critic. 16 3.3. Austen’s writing in her own perception. 17 4. Pride and Prejudice. 20 4.1. Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy – the Reversed Ideals. 20 22 5. Emma 23 5.1. Emma the heroine. 23 Read MoreËÆ∠«Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ€žÃƒ ¤Ãƒâ€šÃƒâ€¡Ã¢â€° ¤ÃƒÅ Ãƒâ€" ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢Ë† Ãƒ ©Ãƒâ€šÃƒâ€¦Ãƒ ¨Ãƒâ€¹ÃƒÅ¸Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ€žÃƒ £Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢Ë† Ã¢â€°  Ãƒ Ãƒ ¶Ãƒâ€˜Ãƒ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ Ãƒâ€°Ãƒâ€"ËßÇÂà ­Ãƒ ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ©Ãƒ ¶Ãƒâ€šÃƒÅ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒâ€¹ÃƒÅ¸Ãƒâ€¡4201 Words   |  17 PagesÃ¥ ° Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ ¿â€¡Ã¥ ¯ ¹Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ§ § Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ Å'Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã¥â€™Å'çˆ ±Ã¦Æ'…çš„æ  Ã¥â€ â„¢Ã¯ ¼Å'è § £Ã¦Å¾ Ã¥â€™Å'æŽ ¢Ã¨ ® ¨Ã¯ ¼Å'充分ä ½â€œÃ§Å½ °Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¤ ½Å"者的çˆ ±Ã¦Æ'…å’Å'Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã¨ §â€šÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ¨ ¿â„¢Ã§ ¯â€¡Ã¨ ® ºÃ¦â€"‡å ° ±Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ ¿â€¡Ã¥ ¯ ¹Ã¨ ¿â„¢Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ¦ ® µÃ¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¨ ¯ ¦Ã§ »â€ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥Ë†â€ Ã¦Å¾ Ã¯ ¼Å'æ  ¥Ã¦Å½ ¢Ã¨ ® ¨Ã£â‚¬Å Ã¥â€š ²Ã¦â€¦ ¢Ã¤ ¸Å½Ã¥  Ã¨ § Ã£â‚¬â€¹Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§Ë† ±Ã¦Æ'…è §â€šÃ¥â€™Å'Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã¨ §â€šÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ©â€š £Ã¥ ° ±Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¯ ¼Å¡Ã¦ â€¹Ã§Ë† ±Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã¤ ¸Å½Ã¨ ´ ¢Ã¤ º §Ã¥â€™Å'ç ¤ ¾Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥Å" °Ã¤ ½ Ã§â€º ¸Ã¤ ºâ€™Ã¥â€¦ ³Ã¨ â€Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ½â€ Ã¦ â€¹Ã§Ë† ±Ã¥ ©Å ¡Ã¥ § »Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨Æ' ½Ã¤ »â€¦Ã¥ â€"å† ³Ã¤ ºÅ½Ã¨ ´ ¢Ã¤ º §Ã¥â€™Å'ç ¤ ¾Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥Å" °Ã¤ ½ ,æ ­ £Ã§ ¡ ®Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã¥ ºâ€Ã¥ ½â€œÃ¥ » ºÃ§ «â€¹Ã¥Å" ¨Ã§â€º ¸Ã¤ ºâ€™Ã§Ë† ±Ã¦â€¦â€¢Ã£â‚¬ Ã§â€º ¸Ã¤ ºâ€™Ã¥ °Å Ã©â€¡ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥Å¸ ºÃ§ ¡â‚¬Ã¤ ¸Å Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ ¥ ¹Ã¦â€" ¢Ã¥  Ã¥ ¯ ¹Ã¤ ¸ ºÃ©â€™ ±Ã¨â‚¬Å'ç »â€œÃ¥ ©Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¹Å¸Ã¥  Ã¥ ¯ ¹Ã¨ ½ »Ã§Å½â€¡Ã§ »â€œÃ¥ ©Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¼ ºÃ¨ °Æ'Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€žÅ¸Ã¦Æ'…å›  Ã§ ´  Ã§Å¡â€žÃ©â€¡ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¦â‚¬ §Ã£â‚¬â€š å… ³Ã©â€ ®Ã¨ ¯  çˆ ±Ã¦Æ'…; Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »; 金é’ ±; ç ¤ ¾Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥Å" °Ã¤ ½     Introduction Pride and prejudice the book about commonplace things and ordinary people, is one of Jane Austen’s famous book, being the representative of realistic literature. It portrays, with special sensitive characteristic of female writers, the life and ideas of middle class who live in countryside. This

Building stone conservation Free Essays

The construction industry and its activities have an important role to play in socioeconomic development and quality of life. Construction activity accounts for more than 50% of the national outlays. Building Construction costs registered an increase in rates year after year at scales much faster than inflation. We will write a custom essay sample on Building stone conservation or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is seen that in view of the increase in cost for basic input materials like steel, cement brick timber and other materials as well as the cost of construction labour, buildings cost increase at around 20% to 30% annually even when inflation is in single digit. Even though income levels of people are by and large brought in line with the levels of inflation through inflation indexed rise in salaries, year after year, housing is moving beyond the reach of the majority of the people. The reducing housing size for various categories in consecutive years in respect of the plinth areas, nature of specifications even with increased income levels would indicate the rapid increase in cost of construction. The urban population growth has increased to more than 30%, and has made the need for adequate housing for low income people a very important concern for the government. However, the rush to respond to these needs seems to result in a low quality housing that does not adequately match the needs of these people. In countries where construction contributed 3-5% to GDP, an implication for development policy was that unless the construction industry grew faster than the economy as a whole it might constrain national development (Han and Ofori, 2001). The construction industry is a main contributor to the national economy, therefore the more developed the industry is the more the contribution to the economy. Similarly, a developing economy leads to more construction projects and purchasing ower means affordable projects. The interlink relation between the construction industry and the economy makes it clear that development can not occur without the other, although a growing construction industry does not necessarily mean a developing industry nor economy. In fact, the increase in construction prices could cause an artificial indication of the contribution of the construction industry to the GDP and economy. Furthermore the increase in construction costs always occurs faster than the increase in the GDP/capita. Approximate costs generally include mechanical and electrical installations, but exclude furniture, loose or special quipment, and external works. They also exclude fees for professional services and permission fees. The costs shown are appropriate to local specifications and standards. This should be borne in mind when attempting comparisons with similarly described building types in other countries. One of the main barriers to sustainability and sustainable construction will be affordability. The construction industry in developing countries cannot afford to make any dramatic changes but has to start improving the existing technology and local resources it has. In less than two decades, the construction costs have increased by a considerable rate. This is in respect of the normal types of housing construction. Still higher levels of costs are registered for using better finishes and amenities. The current situation of un- affordability, necessitates the need for using economical solutions and appropriate designs and construction materials which can bring down the cost of construction within the affordability levels of the people, as identified in the Agenda 21 for sustainable construction in Developing Countries which concerns with construction economic efficiency through national and international housing policies that ensure adequate, affordable and sustainable housing. Authors such as Adebayo (2000), McIntosh (2000) and Aboutorabi (2000) has addressed out that the sustainability development of the built environment is significantly linked to affordability, and affordability will remain a key barrier to sustainability. CONCLUSION The development of the construction industry should lead to affordable construction activities and materials, which is one of the main issues of sustainability in the developing countries. It seems that the development of the construction industry to achieve efficiency, quality, affordability and then sustainability is strongly tied to the economy. How to cite Building stone conservation, Papers

Entrepreneurship Business Accepting Management

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship Business Accepting Management. Answer: Introduction: Entrepreneurship is the act of running a business and accepting all the risks and the rewards associated with running that business. In order to be successful in the entrepreneurship ventures, a person needs hard work, drive, determination and strong belief in the idea. In addition to it, the luck is also considered to have an important role in the success of the entrepreneurial ventures. Luck is considered to have an important role in creation of circumstances where the entrepreneur can showcase their talent. However, in order to get lucky, the entrepreneurs should have the willingness and the determination, planning and a great idea. In this regard, in this paper the entrepreneurial journey of Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson is investigated. Richard Branson has been selected for this paper as he is one of the most popular business magnate and founder of the Virgin Group which controls over 400 companies (Forbes Profile, 2017). He is a self-made millionaire and founded a number of companies in different industrial sectors. He is considered as one of the most popular figure in the British Culture due to his preference for adventure and philanthropic work. Virgin Atlantic is the seventh largest airline in the Europe. The paper explores the history of the entrepreneurial ventures, personal life and the role model of Richard Branson and shed light on his risk attitude and entrepreneurship style. History in Entrepreneurial Ventures Branson was born in London and was keen in business from early childhood. In school, he showed poor academic performance and suffered from dyslexia. Later in his school years, Branson started a record business. During this time, he interviewed several prominent personalities of that time. At that time, he was also running a magazine, named student. All the popular records of the company were advertised in the magazine which added to the popularity of the record. Later in 1971, Branson started a record shop in Oxford Street in London. In 1972, he launched a record label Virgin Records by establishng a residential recording studio in the North of England, The Manor Studio. The first album from this label, Tubular Bells became instantly popular. In the upcoming years, the company became the largest record label in the world. In 1992, Branson sold the record business to support Airlines business (Ankeny, 2012). In 1984, Branson launched Virgin Atlantic Airways. Virgin Acquired European short-haul airline Euro-Belgian Airlines in 1996 and changed its name to Virgin Express. Later, it merged with the SN Brussels Airlines and renamed it as Brussels Airlines. Later, it launched national Airline in Nigeria, Virgin Nigeria. It launched Virgin America which operates of San Francisco. In 2004, the company launched a new space tourism agency. The Virgin Galactic is another company launched by Virgin Group which will focus on the Space Tourism. The next venture of the company is Virgin Fuels which will offer cheap and renewable fuel for the automobiles. The Virgin Media and the Virgin Mobile is another company launched by the Virgin Group. It is a Media Company and manufactures smartphones at a low cost (Biography, 2017). It could be examined that the success of the Virgin Group was due to the sheer hard work and dedication of the Groups chairman. There were a lot of initial struggles in the establishment of the Group and associated companies, but with persistence and hard work, the company was able to achieve its imminent success. It could be posited that luck has contributed in a limited manner in the success of the company. The support of the parents, success of the earlier ventures and the identification of the right opportunity are considered can be considered as luck in the life of the Richard Branson. Personal Life and Role Models Sir Richard Branson is considered as an idol in the business world. He had passion for the entrepreneurial ventures from the childhood and entered into different business ventures. After the initial success, the Virgin record company made significant losses. However, Branson did not lose his determination for the entrepreneurship and made persistence for the entrepreneurial efforts. Later, it resulted in his success. In 1998, Branson published his autobiography, named, Losing My Virginity. In his autobiography, he mentioned that in his entrepreneur success, luck played a significant role. In his personal life, he is an experienced kite surfer, holding several world records in the sport. He loves adventures and participates in several adventure sports. He is dedicated to his work; however, gives preference to comfort and free lifestyle. Branson is known to implement informal dress code in his organizations so that the employees can work freely. In various interviews, Branson stated th at he is an avid reader of the autobiographies of the famous people. In his interview, he frequently mentions Long Walk to Freedom, the autobiography of Nelson Mandela (Thompson, 2017). He has also participated in various humanitarian and philanthropic activities, and read books on the climatic and ecological issues such as An Inconvenient Truth and The Revenge of Gaia. Branson has donated in various groups which address the global conflict situation. Branson was the founding member of International Centre for Missing Exploited Children (ICMEC) which searches the issue of the missing children and stop the exploitation of the young children. He has also invested in finding sustainable energy fuel for industrial sectors such as shipping, energy efficiency and the aviation. He has also launched an enterprise for the startups in the UK (Virgin, 2017). It is dedicated to support the promising startups in the UK. It focuses on providing financial as well as advisory support to the startu p organization. Branson has also founding member of Global Zero campaign, an initiative to eliminate all the nuclear weapons across the globe. He also opposes the death penalty and considers it as inhumane and barbaric (Clarkson, 2016). Richard Branson is one of the most successful business men in the present times. He has become successful at a very large scale due to his ability to identify scope in diversified industrial sectors and risk-taking ability. Branson is credited with creation of 100 brands and about 400 companies in the Virgin Group; however, Branson admit it himself that taking risks has assisted him in getting at this stage in his life. His risk-taking ability can also be detected by his preference for the adventure sports. He never shied away from different experiences. When he lost bet with his close friend Tony Fernandes, he worked as a cabin crew in Air Asia; however showed a positive attitude towards the deal and stated that nothing was really lost and he was able to raise money for the sick children. Branson also stated that even when taking risks, the person should also plan for the worst-case scenario. The company should plan for the worst case scenario and determine whether the organization should be able to sustain through extreme situations. Throughout the entrepreneurial journey, Branson is known to take chances and risks, which has contributed to his immense success. In his interviews, Branson has stated that the art of delegation, risk-taking and surrounding with great team has contributed in the high success of the organization (Nedeljnik, 2016). Branson use the same entrepreneurial skills in the earlier times of the entrepreneurship ventures. Branson delegated his new ventures with the people who also believed in the project. He also emphasized on the marketing, networking and the strategy development of the new ventures. According to Branson, in the earlier stage of the business, it is important to take risks to establish a name for the brand and the organization (Giang, 2013). According to Branson, the biggest risk that an entrepreneur can take is to invest in a business with zero on minimal knowledge. Accordingly, Branson has also got involved in the business with connection to the previous business or the core business they have started. For instance, Virgin Records began its journey as an online retailer, then ventured into record stores, then ventured into record production, moved into signing acts and finally established a music publishing company. This process is also known as the vertical integration of the business and considered as one of the safest model of the business growth. However, while taking risks, it is important that the business man completely dedicate himself towards the new tasks. It is important that an entrepreneur proactively participate in the new ventures to make it successful. In order to completely emerge oneself in a new business, it is important that an entrepreneur create a strong team which can handle the previous ventures easily. Moreover, the new business venture requires very large efforts from the part of the business man. It is important that the entrepreneur gets completely immersed in the venture. In the risk taking approach, it is also important for the entrepreneurs to be prepared to fail and avoid emotional commitment to the ventures. It is important for the organization to enter into new ventures in phases so that any losses can be mitigated. It is also important for the entrepreneurs to identify when the venture is going to fail and kill the idea if it is not transforming into a new business venture (Feloni, 2015). Entrepreneurial Theory There are several theories which try to explain the entrepreneurship behavior and define the major characteristics of the entrepreneurship behavior. Joseph Schumpeters innovation theory states that an entrepreneur should have one of the three major characteristics, namely, innovation, foresight and creativity. According to this theory, the entrepreneurship takes place when an entrepreneur create a new product, introduce a new product, discovers a new product for the market, find new source for the raw material or making things for the organization. The Schumpeters innovation theory states that the entrepreneurship skills and innovation are highly correlated with each other. It states that an entrepreneur is developed when he identifies a need and makes efforts to address it with a new product or service. However, this theory neglects the risk-taking ability and the organization skills of the entrepreneurs and emphasizes only on the innovation skills (Nayab, 2011). On the other hand, the Risk Bearing Theory proposed by Frank Knight states that risk-taking ability is the central characteristic of the entrepreneurship. It states that the uncertainty is a major factor in the entrepreneurial venture and the business person strategize in anticipation of the future events. The entrepreneur earns benefit for taking these risks. The entrepreneurship skills of Richard Branson can be characterized by the risk taking ability and the innovation skills. He has always identified new opportunities and business area. As per the above discussion, Richard Branson has been pioneer in the risk-taking activities. He has taken risks in several entrepreneurial ventures. He has never avoided risks and new management and operational approaches. He has also emphasized on wearing comfortable and easy clothes rather than wearing ties on formal occasions (Vizard, 2016). Conclusion Richard Branson is one of the pioneer business people of the contemporary times. He has established over 400 companies under his Virgin Group. He is also popular for his taste for adventure and the philanthropic work. Sir Richard Branson has developed his empire with his persistence, positive attitude and risk-taking skills. Along with it, development of several circumstances has also assisted Branson in the development of his business ventures. It could be posited that luck plays a significant role in the entrepreneurship venture. However, with the luck, the dedication, persistence and the hard work of the entrepreneur also plays a crucial role in the success of the business venture. It could be examined that his leadership style relates to the risk bearing theory and the innovation theory. References Nayab, N. 2011. What is Entrepreneurship? A Look at Theory. Bright Hub. Retrieved 25 March 2017 from https://www.brighthub.com/office/entrepreneurs/articles/78364.aspx Nedeljnik. 2016. Richard Branson: Youve got to take risks if you are going to succeed. Original. Retrieved 25 March 2017 from https://www.nedeljnik.rs/original/portalnews/richard-branson-you%E2%80%99ve-got-to-take-risks-if-you-are-going-to-succeed/ Giang, V. 2013. Richard Branson: Success Comes From Delegating, Risk-Taking, And Having A Good Team. Business Insider. Retrieved 25 March 2017 from https://www.businessinsider.com/Richard-Branson-Success-Comes-From-Delegating-Risk-Taking-And-Having-A-Good-Team/articleshow/24310586.cms Vizard, S. 2016. Sir Richard Branson on why marketers make good entrepreneurs and the need to take risks. Marketing Week. Retrieved 25 March 2017 from https://www.marketingweek.com/2016/06/20/sir-richard-branson-talks/ Forbes Profile. 2017. Richard Branson. Retrieved 25 March 2017 from https://www.forbes.com/profile/richard-branson/ Biography. 2017. Richard Branson Biography. Retrieved 25 March 2017 from https://www.biography.com/people/richard-branson-9224520 THompson, M. 2017. 4 Secrets to Success Richard Branson Learned From Nelson Mandela. Inc. Retrieved 25 March 2017 from https://www.inc.com/mark-thompson/don-t-get-mad-here-s-how-to-get-even-amp-win.html Clarkson, N. 2016. What keeps Richard Branson motivated. Virgin. Retrieved 25 March 2017 from https://www.virgin.com/entrepreneur/what-keeps-richard-branson-motivated Feloni, R. 2015. Here's a breakdown of the philosophy Richard Branson used to start over 400 companies in the Virgin Group. Business Insider. Retrieved 25 March 2017 from https://www.businessinsider.com/Heres-a-breakdown-of-the-philosophy-Richard-Branson-used-to-start-over-400-companies-in-the-Virgin-Group/articleshow/46206548.cms Ankeny, J. 2012. Richard Branson on Building an Empire. Entrepreneur. Retrieved 25 March 2017 from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/223639 Virgin. 2017. Richard Branson: My four tips for growing a business. Retrieved 25 March 2017 from https://www.virgin.com/entrepreneur/richard-branson-my-four-tips-for-growing-a-business

Enlightenment Essays (156 words) - Epistemologists, Metaphysicians

Enlightenment )Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) a)Regarded the human mind of a person as a blank slate. b)Did not believe in intuition or theories of innate conceptions a)Attacked the theory of divine right of Kings. b)Argued that sovereignty did not reside in the state but with the people. 3)Some thoughts concerning education. a)Recommended practical learning to prepare people b)Locke's curriculum included conversational learning of foreign languages, especially French, mathematics, history, physical education, and games. 1)Descartes's philosophy, sometimes called Cartesianism. a)Elaborate explanations of a number of physical phenomena. a)Part of human blood was a subtle fluid, that he called animal spirits. a)Fundamental law of reflection: that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. b)Paved the way for the udulatory theory of light. a)Systematization of analytic geometry. b)First mathematician to attempt to classify curves according to the types of equations that produce them

A.D. (or AD) - How Christianity Underlies our Calendars

A.D. (or AD) - How Christianity Underlies our Calendars AD (or A.D.) is an abbreviation for the Latin expression Anno Domini, which translates to the Year of Our Lord, and equivalent to C.E. (the Common Era). Anno Domini refers to the years which followed the supposed birth year of the philosopher and founder of Christianity, Jesus Christ. For the purposes of proper grammar, the format is properly with the A.D. before the number of the year, so A.D. 2018 means The Year of Our Lord 2018, although it is sometimes placed  before the year as well, paralleling the use of B.C. The choice of starting a calendar with the birth year of Christ was first suggested by a few Christian bishops including Clemens of Alexandria in C.E. 190 and Bishop Eusebius at Antioch, C.E. 314–325. These men labored to discover what year Christ would have been born by using available chronologies, astronomical calculations, and astrological speculation. Dionysius and Dating Christ In 525 C.E., the Scythian monk Dionysius Exiguus used the earlier computations, plus additional stories from religious elders, to form a timeline for Christs life. Dionysius is the one credited with the selection of the AD 1 birth date that we use today- although it turns out he was off by some four years. That wasnt really his purpose, but Dionysius called the years that occurred after Christs supposed birth The years of our Lord Jesus Christ or Anno Domini. Dionysiuss real purpose was trying to pin down the day of the year on which it would be proper for Christians to celebrate Easter. (see the article by Teres for a detailed description of Dionysius efforts). Nearly a thousand years later, the struggle to figure out when to celebrate Easter led to the reformation of the original Roman calendar called the Julian Calendar into the one most of the west uses todaythe Gregorian calendar. The Gregorian Reform The Gregorian reform was established in October of 1582  when Pope Gregory XIII published his papal bull Inter Gravissimas. That bull noted that the existing Julian calendar in place since 46 B.C.E. had drifted 12 days off-course. The reason the Julian calendar had drifted so far is detailed in the article on B.C.: but briefly, calculating the exact number of days in a solar year was nearly impossible prior to modern technology, and Julius Caesars astrologists got it wrong by about 11 minutes a year. Eleven minutes isnt too bad for 46 B.C.E., but it was a twelve-day lag after 1,600 years. However, in reality, the main reasons for the Gregorian change to the Julian calendar were political and religious ones. Arguably, the highest holy day in the Christian calendar is Easter, the date of the ascension, when the Christ was said to have been  resurrected from the dead.  The Christian church felt that it had to have a separate celebration day for Easter  than the one originally used by the founding church fathers, at the start of the Jewish Passover.   The Political Heart of Reform The founders of the early Christian church were, of course, Jewish, and they celebrated Christs ascension on the 14th day of Nisan, the date of Passover in the Hebrew calendar, albeit adding a special significance to the traditional sacrifice to the Paschal lamb. But as Christianity gained non-Jewish adherents, some of the communities agitated for separating out Easter from Passover. In 325 C.E., the Council of Christian bishops at Nicea set the annual date of Easter to fluctuate, to fall on the first Sunday after the first full moon occurring on or next after the first day of spring (vernal equinox). That was intentionally complex  because to avoid ever falling on the Jewish Sabbath, Easters date had to be based on the human week (Sunday), the lunar cycle (full moon) and the solar cycle (vernal equinox). The lunar cycle used by the Nicean council was the Metonic cycle, established in the 5th century B.C.E., that showed that new moons appear on the same calendar dates every 19 years. By the sixth century, the ecclesiastical calendar of the Roman church followed that Nicean rule, and indeed, it is still the way the church determines Easter each year. But that meant that the Julian calendar, which had no reference to lunar motions, had to be revised. Reform and Resistance To correct the Julian calendars date slippage, Gregorys astronomers said they had to deduct 11 days out of the year. People were told they were to go to sleep on the day they called September 4th and when they woke up the next day, they should call it September 15th. People did object, of course, but this was only one of numerous controversies slowing acceptance of the Gregorian reform. Competing astronomers argued over the details; almanac publishers took years to adapt- the first was in Dublin 1587. In Dublin, people debated what to do about contracts and leases (do I have to pay for the full month of September?). Many people rejected the papal bull out of hand- Henry VIIIs revolutionary  English reformation had taken place only fifty years earlier. See Prescott for an amusing paper on the problems this momentous change caused everyday people. The Gregorian calendar was better at counting time than the Julian, but most of Europe held off accepting the Gregorian reforms until 1752. For better or worse, the Gregorian calendar with its embedded Christian timeline and mythology is (essentially) what is used in the western world today. Other Common Calendar Designations Islamic: A.H. or AH, meaning Anno Hegirae or in the year of the HijraHebrew: AM or A.M., meaning Year After CreationWestern: BCE or B.C.E., meaning Before the Common EraWestern: CE or C.E., meaning the Common EraChristian-Based Western: BC or B.C., meaning Before ChristScientific: AA or A.A., meaning the Atomic AgeScientific: RCYBP, meaning Radiocarbon Years Before the PresentScientific: BP or B.P., meaning Before the PresentScientific: cal BP, meaning Calibrated Years Before the Present or Calendar Years Before the Present Sources Macey SL. 1990. The Concept of Time in Ancient Rome. International Social Science Review 65(2):72-79.Peters JD. 2009. Calendar, clock, tower. MIT6 Stone and Papyrus: Storage and Transmission. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Prescott AL. 2006. Refusing Translation: The Gregorian Calendar and Early Modern English Writers. The Yearbook of English Studies 36(1):1-11.Taylor T. 2008. Prehistory vs. Archaeology: Terms of Engagement. Journal of World Prehistory 21:1–18.Teres G. 1984. Time computations and Dionysius Exiguus. Journal for the History of Astronomy 15(3):177-188.

Automatic Control and Systems Engineering Literature review

Automatic Control and Systems Engineering - Literature review Example A block is a negligible component of Event-Condition-Action system that can state the behaviors represent in a process model. An algorithm is urbanized to detect blocks beginning a process meaning network and transform it into a hierarchical hierarchy model. The behaviors in every block type are modeled by means of ACTA formalism. This provides a hypothetical foundation from which ECA rules are recognized. The future ECA rule-based move toward shows that it is likely to execute the workflow by means of the active ability of database without users’ interference. The operation of the future methods is illustrated from side to side an instant process. FOR the previous several years, companies have been experiencing a lot of changes in their commerce surroundings. One is an interior change caused by the rising force for the need to satisfy a variety of customer wants. In order to meet the varied purchaser needs, corporations may have to branch out their commerce processes. Another alter faced by companies nowadays is an outside one resulting from the put in to in strategic coalition and e-Business. This modify compels a corporation to become caught up in the commerce processes of other company [2]. Not only have such interior and external changes caused by a lot of new commerce processes to be shaped, but they have also greater than before the difficulty of the processes. According to the expert analysis, the changes in commerce environments have shaped the necessity of knowledge and tools to make sure efficient and effectual process management. As a consequence, there have been many attempts to improve information systems towards as long as higher functions of process management further than simple treatment of self-governing tasks. A WorkFlow Management System (WFMS), a software tool to describe, administer, and pass multifaceted business processes there a new solution to the requirement of process management knowledge and utensils (G. Alonso, C. Hagen, D. Agrawal, A.E. Abbadi, and C. Mohan, 2000). Consider the commerce process obtainable in Fig. 1. This instance shows a process of credit card request, which is collected of variant behavior, such as â€Å"request form satisfying† and â€Å"form scanning.† A WFMS more often than not uses such a graphical symbol to explain the commerce reason. The model represents the priority relations among behavior and some structural relations, such as behavior proceeding in serial arrange or parallel. The symbol also includes thorough specifications of action, such as task performers, connected documents, and essential applications.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

History - Essay Example Seven years later, Colonel Fairfax constructed a mansion situated on a high slope of land overlooking the river of Potomac in which he subsequently named Belvoir. At 16 years of age, George Washington stayed in Mount Vernon with his elder half brother and he became friends with George William Fairfax, the Colonel’s eldest son. He was a constant guest at the mansion in which the manor was developed and changed by George William and his wife Sally Cary into a center of culture and aristocratic elegance. Sixteen years after his father died in 1757, George William Fairfax and his wife rented out the manor as they went back home to England. The manor was rented for a decade where most part was destructed due to the War in 1812. The conflict continued and in 1814 the mansion was further destroyed by British cannons. In 1840, the Belvoir peninsula was bought by Philip Otterback family and made fisheries out of the Potomac River. In 1910, 1 500 acres of the land was sold to District o f Columbia where it was intended to be converted to a prison. The local citizens opposed to the project and for this reason, in 1912, the land was transferred to the war Department. In 1915, the land was named Camp Belvoir where engineer troops from Fort McNair, formerly called as Washington Barracks, conduct their trainings and became their rifle range. In 1917, the old name was changed to Camp A. A. Humphreys as a training camp for engineer troops for Word War I. The name was again changed to Fort Humphreys in 1922 and in 1935, post colonial era, it was permanently re-designated as Fort Belvoir. In 1938, the US government begins preparing for the possibility of being involved in enlarging world conflicts, at which time was the outbreak of World War II. In 1940, there was a massive influx of military trainees which prompted the government to purchase an additional 3 000 acres of land located north of U.S. Route 1. One training scheme is composed of an obstacle course which is a sim ulation of the field condition. With the war receding in 1945, activities of the Replacement Training Center and the Engineer Officer Candidate School were aborted and were not reactivated until 1950 with the Korean Conflict and in 1960 with Vietnam build up. During those times, distinguishable transformations in the manner of training programs were determined. From training, technology through research and development was incorporated in warfare. The transformation consisted of establishment of chemical/biological/radiological school on the North Post while a close combat range was formed south of the village of Accotink. The laboratories formulated and trialled new techniques for electrical power generation, camouflage and deception, methods of handling materials and fuel, bridging, and mine detection. Other experimentations also included portable map copying machines, fungicides for use in tropical environments, and heavy earth-moving equipment. One breakthrough in the field of r esearch and development is the construction of SM-1 (Stationary, Medium Power, and First Prototype) Nuclear Plant. This was intended to provide commercial electricity and decrease the Department of Defense’s dependency on fossil fuels. The SM-1 Plant was first used on 1957 and its operations lasted for 16 years. For 30 years, from 1950 to 1980, the expansion of Fort Belvoir was witnessed. The post became

New Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New - Article Example The main objective of this paper is to provide vivid explanations about the reason behind leaking pentagonal papers by Snowden. With the increasing advent of technology in an individual’s life, it is considered that crime rate is also increasing at a great extent. Additionally, it has also been viewed that the government of different countries are adapting new policies and implementing new policies to safeguard the civilians from the increasing crime around the globe. However, it has been ascertained that though the federal body are implementing new policies to safe guards the people from foreign enemies but the new polices are violating the basic freedom of the people. For instance recently it has been witnessed that Snowden a former employee of Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and an technical contractor for the National Security Agency (NSA) has leaked pentagonal papers that helped the United nations (U.S) intelligence organizations to track the outgoing calls, monitors e-mail and usage of internet of almost all Americans directly violating the freedom of an individual to provide security. Further more, it has been revealed that Snowden also leaked the pentagonal papers relating the Vietnam War (Starr and Yan, â€Å"Man behind NSA leaks says he did it to safeguard privacy, liberty†). The major player that can be witnessed in the case is Edward Snowden and the United Nation’s government that developed programme that tracked phone calls, and monitors e-mail of the civilians violating the freedom of the civilians with the prime motive of providing them security. Freedom and security are considered to be two vital aspects in every individual’s life. It is also the duty of the government to safe guard its people by implementing police and laws that would not result in taking away the freedom and would also provide security to the civilians. However, in this case it has been observed that the U.S government was collecting and tracing phone calls

Leaders In Family Businesses Business Essay

Leaders In Family Businesses Business Essay It is very difficult to identify the comparison between family and non-family business; it lies within the fact that there is not even a single accepted definition of family business to form the basis of research (Westhead and Cowling, 1998). This essay explores in isolation, the skills required in leaders in family and non-family businesses. Then, the skills required in these two categories of leaders are compared and contrasted. Various theories and concepts on family business are used to facilitate the process. Family business is a business in which familys involvement is a must, making the business different from others. Many researchers interpret the involvement of family as ownership management. (Chua et al.,1999) In a family business, managing the profits and losses are not the only thing that matters. Its all about understanding the family tradition, values and beliefs also to do succession planning. It is also important to make sure that there should not be any conflict between family members regarding the ownership and management. Indalecio(2012) said that there are some conflicts which typically happen due to the inability to separate personal and professional lives and also because of interest which varied from one member to other. Family businesses are mostly made up of strong relationship of trust, loyalty and communication and they have a shared vision. In a non family business, they mainly focus on the smooth functioning of the organization to make profits and also to expand the business. They dont need to worry about family values or tradition. As compared to family business employees are much more motivated in non family business. In Family business, they hire promote employees after considering relatives or any other family member which makes the non family employees lose motivation towards the work. This will lead to a limited growth and opportunities for the firm. (Indalecio,2012) Well discuss in detail that how the leaders require different skills to work in these two totally different types of businesses. As we know that Leader play the main role in running the business either it is emotion based or simply profit based. Well discuss about different theories of leadership in family business to differentiate the leadership style from non-family business. LEADERS IN FAMILY BUSINESS Leadership is not magnetic personality that can just as well be a glib tongue. It is not making friends and influencing people, that is flattery. Leadership is lifting a persons vision to higher sights, the raising of a persons performance to a higher standard, the building of a personality beyond its normal limitations (Peter F Drucker) The environment in a family business is very different from non family business for leaders and employees in the organization. Heuristic Model, defines leadership as the person, process, position, result where leader is an individual, a centered person who they are. The style adopted by them or sense-making or the way they get things done. They keep into consideration what those in authorities do and where they do it. As a result they achieve the purpose through mobilization like a leader achieve. (Grint,2010) Tagiuri and Davis (1996) stated the existence of shared vision, values and beliefs, as well as a long term orientation with loyalty and trust which is based on relationships as one of the important or strong advantage of family business as compared to a non family business. Which allows a family business to have a unique or clear identity and also a strong sense of success in their mission, they wish to undertake and concentrate on the efforts for what they can do best, which helps them to gain a competitive advantage (Ibrahim Ellis, 1994). Dyer (1986) and Sorensen, (2000) describes five description of the leadership that is exercised in family firms: participative, autocratic, laissez-faire, expert and referent. This author said that the head involves member in decision making and they guide through adapting, also have the capacity to motivate personal regards in others. Which allow these type of firms to achieve the goal expected by both the family and the business at the same time, and that leads to higher level of satisfaction commitment among the non-family employees. (Vallejo, 2009) (Figure 1) [Source: Vallejo, M.C. (2010), Pg. 6] A leader in a family firm should take care of some points which are very important for the success of the organization in a market place: family disputes, favoritism, running business emotionally, and limited growth, also a succession plan. Family disputes takes place mostly due to the varied interest of each family member towards business, their personal egos, and rivalries among them which spill into the business environment. Managing family and the business at same time is very delicate matter and it is also important that if a leader in a family firm wants someone from the family to join the business then he needs to create a company culture based on favoritism. In most of the cases everyone wants to help family but its totally wrong to hire, promote or pay someone just because of familial relationship, rather than hiring someone based on their actual merits and abilities. It is very difficult in a family firm to keep personal professional life in a separate way, and also not an easy task to separate your emotions from your business. Especially, giving a critical feedback or receiving it from someone you love is also a big problem. Mostly in family firms all leadership positions are always occupied by some family members which limits the growth of the company opportunities for non-family employees. Many talented and ambitious employees will lose their motivation and they will move on to another job. There should always be succession plan for family firms otherwise it will lead to failure. (Indalecio, 2012) LEADERS IN NON FAMILY BUSINESS A simple definition of leadership is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. (Ward, 2012) A leader in non-family business requires many types of skill for the better functioning of an organization. When it comes to the leadership quality in a leader for a non-family firm, we consider a leader who is ambitious, creative, self-reliable, inspiring, and innovative, also in addition to commitment determination, opportunity obsession, adaptability, self-motivated. (Timmons and spinelli, 2003) In a non-family business, mostly these are transformational leaders who motivate their followers to achieve a long term objectives rather than selfish short term goal. They have the ability to convince their followers to work hard for the achievement of the goal which leaders have in mind. This helps to motivate the followers that turns out to be self compensatory. (Bass, 1985, 1999) Leaders in a non-family firm dont worry about feuding, nepotism, emotions, values and beliefs of family, succession plans. They dont have a shared vision for the organization; everything is cleared about the goal they want to achieve for the expansion or growth of their organization. They have high growth opportunities for their employees because they never hire, promote, and criticize individuals on the basis of familial relationship. They only concentrate on the profits, motivation of employees, monitoring the performance, to gain competitive advantage for the benefit of the firm or to be successful in the market. (Indalecio, 2012) The Leader should be able to introduce a sense of value, respect, and to express a clear vision for the employees so that they can work accordingly. He should also pay attention to the need of the followers assign them particular projects for their personal growth, also teach followers to find a sensible path to examine a situation and also encourage them to be creative. (Bass, 1985) CONCLUSION In a firm, whether it is a family or non-family firm leaders are require running them. Mainly, for a non-family firm leader it is easy to run the organization as compare to a family firm leader. Because he has no tensions about the family values, beliefs, succession planning, family member interests or any other way to run a business in a manner so that it should survive for their upcoming generations. But for a family firm leader these all points matters a lot for their success in the market. The trust, loyalty, and relationship they make with their customers to gain sustainability. Family affect the business in each aspect if the firm doesnt have a Leader with all the leadership quality require operating a family business. In a family firm, leaders require a skill which helps the business to overcome the threats they get in running a family business. He should define the goal of the organization very clearly make sure that there is no partiality in hiring, promoting the employees, and it should be based on the individuals merits abilities. Outline the responsibilities role of each family member and hold them accountable. There should not be any communication gap and also run the business in a non emotional manner. For the advancement of your business everyone working for the organization should be on the same line either for promotion or criticism, also to have a succession plan for the survival of the business after he is gone. (Indalecio, 2012) There are different theories that explain these differences of skills required for a leader in a family a non-family firm. But the main thing is to understand the way a leader should work to keep the employees motivated and also provide them proper opportunities for their personal growth because a successful business is a mixture of different people with different skills. If a leader will follow these in a firms culture then this in turn will lead the organization to achieve their goal in a given time either it is a family business or a non-family business. Referencing: Bass, B. (1985). Leadership performance beyond expectations. New York: Academic Press. Bass, B. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. 8, pp. 9-32. Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., and Sharma, P. (1999). Defining the family business by behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(4), pp. 19-39. Dyer, W.G. (1986). Cultural Change in Family Firms: Anticipating and managing Business and Family Transitions. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass. Grint, K. (2010). Leadership, a very short introduction. Oxford University Press, London. Indalecio, T. (2012). 5 Common threats to a family business. About.Com : http://familybusiness.about.com/od/managementandoperations/a/commonthreats.htm [Accessed: 18 January 2012] Ibrahim, A. Ellis, W. (1994). Family business management: concepts and practice. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt. Sorensen, R.L. (2000).The Contribution of Leadership Style and Practices to Family and Business Success. Family Business Review. Vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 183-200. Tagiuri, R. and Davis, J.A. (1996). Bivalent attributes of the family firm. Family Business Review, Vol .9, pp. 199-208. Timmons, J. Spinelli, S. (2003). New venture creation: entrepreneurship for the 21st century (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Vallejo Martos, M. (2005). Cuando definir es una necesidad. Una propuesta integradora y operativa del concepto de empresa familiar. Investigaciones Europeas de Direccià ³n y Economà ­a de la Empresa. [The Need to Define: Towards an Integrative and Operational Definition of the Family Firm], 11, pp.151-171. Vallejo, M.C. (2009). Analytical Model of Leadership in Family Firms Under Transformational Theoretical Approach: An exploratory study. Family Business Review. pp. 6. Ward, S. (2012). Leadership. About.com: http://sbinfocanada.about.com/od/leadership/g/leadership.htm [Accessed: 18 January 2012] Westhead, P., Howorth, C. and Cowling, M. (2002). Ownership and management issues in first generation and multi generation family firms. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 14(3), pp. 247-269.

Comparing the Great Flood in Epic of Gilgamesh and the Biblical story o

Comparing the Great Flood in Epic of Gilgamesh and the Biblical story of Noah’s Ark Many of the same ancient stories can be found in different cultures. Each story differs in a small way, but the general idea remains synonymous. One story that is paralleled in several cultures is the legend of a great flood. The epic of Gilgamesh resembles the Bible’s story of Noah’s Ark, but specific details differ in several aspects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of Gilgamesh originates from twelve fire-hardened, mud tablets, written in cuneiform, in the Mesopotamian culture from around 2500 B.C.E. It has been passed down through generations for centuries, teaching obedience to gods. The story of Noah’s Ark, found in the Christian Bible, seems to do the same thing; teach obedience to God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many aspects of both stories are the same. Both sagas start with the earth being extremely populated, with no foreseen break in the continuation of a booming culture. The earth was too full. People were rowdy and reckless. Crime was widespread and grew day to day. The difference pertaining to this, is the reason the flood was sent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Noah’s story rules that the flood was sent because the earth had become corrupt and filled with violence, (Genisis, 6). The only way to destroy this violence was to drown everyone but the chosen few. These chosen few were hand-picked by God as good people to start a new, more wholesome and obedient civilization. Gilgamesh’s story says the reason for the flood was the volume the people created. The noise was intolerable and the gods insisted on ending the racket at once, (Duiker, 20).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The singular reason Gilgamesh was spared is that he was informed of the flood by Ea, the water god, through a dream. Ea was one of many gods in this time. He told him to build a boat of equal width and length. He was to tear down his house for wood and tell the curious townspeople that he was instructed to leave the city and go out to sea so as to please the gods. Ea also instructed him to take the seeds of life onto the ship with him. Meaning two of each animal, enough food for them and his family to eat for some time, and whatever grain was left over would be planted once the water receded, (Duiker, 20) .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Noah was also instructed to do the same. Only his orders came from the one and only God. The Jewish culture believes in one supreme being. God told Noah ... ...o, there is one known flood that occurred in ancient times. The Black Sea used to be smaller than it is now. Archeologists have proven this by finding remnants of structures below the present water level. The water also used to be fresh, not salt water. When the ice from the Ice Age melted, the lake started to dry out because the rivers began to flow backwards towards the sea. Then the ocean water rose very high and salt water rushed back into the empty sea, (Lecture, 9/7/1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With so many different cultures trying to explain a great flood, there are bound to be differences in each account. The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Biblical story of Noah’s Ark are different in small details. The fact that the two stories are so close in account to each other, with regard to general storyline, is quite amazing when considering the fact that these two cultures are so very different. Bibliography 1.  Duiker, William J. and Spielvogel, Jackson J. World History, Comprehensive Volume, Second Edition. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1998.) 2.  http://www.bibleontheweb.com/Bible.asp (Genesis 6-9.) 3.  http://www-relg-studies.scu.edu/netcours/rs011/restrict/gilflood.htm

Simple Harmonic Motion Dominic Stone Lab Partner

Experiment 1: Simple Harmonic Motion Dominic Stone Lab Partner: Andrew Lugliani January 9, 2012 Physics 132 Lab Section 13 Theory For this experiment we investigated and learned about simple harmonic motion. To do this we hung and measured different masses on a spring-mass system to calculate the force constant k. Simple harmonic motion is a special type of periodic motion. It is best described as an oscillation motion that causes an object to move back-and-forth in response to a restoring force given by Hooke’s Law: 1) F=-kx Where k is the force constant.Then using two different procedures, we calculate the value of the force constant k of a spring in our oscillating system. We observed the period of oscillation and use this formula: 2) T=2(m/k) Then we reduced the equation to solve for the value of k by: 3) k=4^2/slope â€Å"Slope† represents the slope of the graph in procedure B. k is then the measure of the stiffness of the spring. We can then compare k to that of a vertically stretched spring with various masses M. By using the following equation: 4) Mg=kx Where x is the distance of the stretch in the spring.To find the value of the constant k we take the data from procedure A and graph it. Using this graph, we use equation: 5) k=g/slope We can compare the two values of the constant k. Both values should be exact since we used the same spring in both procedures. Here simple harmonic motion is used to calculate the restoring force of the spring-mass system. Procedure Part A: First, we set up the experiment by suspending the spring from the support mount and measured the distance from the lower end of the spring to the floor.After, we hung 100 grams from the spring and measured the new distance created from the stretch of the spring. We then repeated this step for masses 200 to 1000 grams, by increasing the weight by 200 grams each time. Then we took this data and plotted them on a graph with suspended weight Mg versus elongation x. After plott ing this data we were then able to evaluate the force constant k from the slope of the graph. Part B: First, we suspend 100 grams from the spring and let it lay at rest.When the spring was naturally set in its equilibrium position, we slightly pulled down the weight and recorded the time it took for the weight to complete 10 oscillations and calculated the average period of each oscillation. We then repeated this process for masses 100 to 1000 grams by increasing the weight by 100 grams each time. After we completed this process we plotted a graph of T^2 verses suspended mass m with the data. When then found the intercept at T^2=0 to see how it would compare with the value of negative one-third the mass of the spring.We then also determined the spring constant k by calculating the slope of the graph and compared it with the spring constant k in part B. Data Part A: Mg(Kg/s^2)| X(m)| 1. 96| 0. 39| 3. 92| 0. 63| 5. 88| 0. 86| 7. 84| 1. 11| 9. 8| 1. 36| Part B: M(Kg)| T (s)| T(s)| T^2( s^2)| 0. 1| 8. 24| 0. 824| 0. 679| 0. 2| 9. 87| 0. 987| 0. 974| 0. 3| 12. 74| 1. 274| 1. 623| 0. 4| 14. 57| 1. 457| 2. 123| 0. 5| 16. 23| 1. 623| 2. 634| 0. 6| 17. 49| 1. 749| 3. 059| 0. 7| 19. 21| 1. 921| 3. 69| 0. 8| 20. 26| 2. 026| 4. 105| 0. 9| 21. 69| 2. 169| 4. 705| 1| 22. 89| 2. 289| 5. 24| Data Analysis

Brigadier General John C. Caldwell in the Civil War

Brigadier General John C. Caldwell in the Civil War Early Life Born on April 17, 1833 in Lowell, VT, John Curtis Caldwell received his early schooling locally.   Interested in pursuing education as a career, he later attended Amherst College.   Graduating in 1855 with high honors, Caldwell moved to  East Machias, ME where he assumed the position of principal at Washington Academy.   He continued to hold this position for the next five years and became a respected member of the community.   With the attack on Fort Sumter in April 1861 and beginning of the Civil War, Caldwell left his post and sought a military commission.   Though he lacked any type of military experience, his connections within the state and ties to the Republican Party saw him obtain command of the 11th Maine Volunteer Infantry on November 12, 1861. Early Engagements Assigned to Major General George B. McClellans Army of the Potomac, Caldwells regiment traveled south in the spring of 1862 to take part in the Peninsula Campaign.   Despite his inexperience, he made a positive impression on his superiors and was chosen to command Brigadier General Oliver O. Howards brigade when that officer was wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines on June 1.   With this assignment came a promotion to brigadier general which was back-dated to April 28.   Leading his men in Brigadier General Israel B. Richardsons division of Major General Edwin V. Sumners II Corps, Caldwell earned high praise for his leadership in reinforcing Brigadier General Philip Kearnys division at the Battle of Glendale on June 30.   With the defeat of Union forces on the Peninsula, Caldwell and II Corps returned to Northern Virginia. Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville Arriving too late to take part in the Union defeat at the Second Battle of Manassas, Caldwell and his men were quickly engaged in the Maryland Campaign in early September.   Held in reserve during the Battle of South Mountain on September 14, Caldwells brigade saw intense fighting at the Battle of Antietam three days later.   Arriving on the field, Richardsons division began assaulting the Confederate position along the Sunken Road.   Reinforcing Brigadier General  Thomas F. Meaghers Irish Brigade, whose advance had stalled in the face of heavy resistance, Caldwells men renewed the attack.   As the fighting progressed, troops under Colonel Francis C. Barlow succeeded in turning the Confederate flank.   Pushing forward, Richardson and Caldwells men were ultimately halted by Confederate reinforcements under Major General James Longstreet.   Withdrawing, Richardson fell mortally wounded and command of the division briefly passed to Caldwell who was soon replaced by Brigadi er General Winfield S. Hancock. Though slightly wounded in the fighting, Caldwell remained in command of his brigade and led it three months later at the Battle of Fredericksburg.   In the course of the battle, his troops took part in the disastrous assault on Maryes Heights which saw the brigade suffer over 50% casualties and Caldwell wounded twice.  Ã‚   Though he performed well, one of his regiments broke and ran during the attack.   This, along with false rumors that he had hid during the fighting at Antietam, tarnished his reputation.   Despite these circumstances, Caldwell retained his role and took part in the Battle of Chancellorsville in early May 1863.   During the engagement, his troops helped stabilize the Union right after the defeat of Howards XI Corps and covered the withdrawal from the area around the Chancellor House. The Battle of Gettysburg In the wake of the defeat at Chancellorsville, Hancock ascended to lead II Corps and on May 22 Caldwell assumed command of the division.   In this new role, Caldwell moved north with Major General George G. Meades Army of the Potomac in pursuit of General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia.   Arriving at the Battle of Gettysburg on the morning of July 2, Caldwells division initially moved into a reserve role behind Cemetery Ridge.   That afternoon, as a large assault by Longstreet threatened to overwhelm Major General Daniel Sickles III Corps, he received orders to move south and reinforce the Union line in the Wheatfield.   Arriving, Caldwell deployed his division and swept Confederate forces from the field as well as occupied the woods to the west.   Though triumphant, Caldwells men were compelled to retreat when the collapse of the Union position at the Peach Orchard to the northwest led to them being flanked by the advancing enemy.   In the course of the fighting around the Wheatfield, Caldwells division sustained over 40% casualties.   The next day, Hancock sought to temporarily place Caldwell in command of II Corps but was overruled by Meade who preferred a West Pointer hold the post.   Later on July 3, after Hancock was wounded repulsing Picketts Charge, command of the corps devolved to Caldwell.   Meade moved swiftly and inserted Brigadier General William Hayes, a West Pointer, in the post that evening despite Caldwell being senior in rank. Later Career Following Gettysburg, Major General George Sykes, commander of V Corps, criticized Caldwells performance in the Wheatfield.   Investigated by Hancock, who had faith in subordinate, he was quickly cleared by a court of inquiry.   Despite this, Caldwells reputation was permanently damaged.   Though he led his division during the Bristoe and Mine Run Campaigns that fall, when the Army of the Potomac was reorganized in the spring of 1864, he was removed from his post.   Ordered to Washington, DC, Caldwell spent the remainder of the war serving on various boards.   Following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, he was selected to serve in the honor guard which bore the body back to Springfield, IL.   Later that year, Caldwell received a brevet promotion to major general in recognition of his service. Departing the army on January 15, 1866, Caldwell, still only thirty-three years old, returned to Maine and commenced practicing law.   After briefly serving in the state legislature, he held the post of adjutant general of the Maine Militia between 1867 and 1869.   Departing this position, Caldwell received an appointment as US Consul in Valparaiso.   Remaining in Chile for five years, he later obtained similar assignments in Uruguay and Paraguay.   Returning home in 1882, Caldwell accepted a final diplomatic post in 1897 when he became US Consul in San Jose, Costa Rica.   Serving under both Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt, he retired in 1909.   Caldwell died on August 31, 1912, at Calais, ME while visiting one of his daughters.   His remains were interred at St. Stephen Rural Cemetery across the river in St. Stephen, New Brunswick. Sources Brigadier General John C. CaldwellFind a Grave: John C. CaldwellJohn C. Caldwell

The Lady with the Dog and The Garden Party Essays

The Lady with the Dog and The Garden Party Essays The Lady with the Dog and The Garden Party Essay The Lady with the Dog and The Garden Party Essay In daily life, one is constantly presented with obstacles, challenges, and opportunities. It is what One does with these occurrences that defines One’s character. In order for change to occur within a person, acceptance is necessary. ‘The Garden Party’, written by Katharine Mansfield and ‘The Lady With the Dog,’ written by Anton Tchekhov were short stories that focused on the outcome of the choices One makes based on prior experiences. The two stories had one main theme in common: acceptance. In the stories both of the main characters experience substantial change and they are different at the end of the story than they were at the beginning. Within their stories, Mansfield and Tcherkhov write about how key events in One’s life can influence the acceptance of change. Their writings tell a story of the importance of letting go of pre conceived ideas, and they both conclude with the realization of acceptance in the lives o f their characters. The main characters of the short stories come from different worlds, one innocent and childish, and one harsh and unforgiving, but both characters experience a similar journey towards acceptance. The journey of Moscow-born Dmitri Gurov, Tchekhov’s character, begins by explaining his passion for women. When describing Gurov’s relationship with his wife, Tchekhov managed to communicate the deep set issues of Gurov as he â€Å"[c]onsidered her unintelligent, narrow, inelegant, was afraid of her, and did not like to be home.†(pg #) One can gather from the description of the woman that he loves that Gurov does not have a lot of respect for her. Gurov â€Å"[h]ad begun being unfaithful to her long ago- had been unfaithful to her often, and, probably on that account, almost always spoke ill of women, and when they were talked about in his presence, used to call them the lower race.† (pg #)These quotes establish Gurov as misogynistic, but it is important to consider that he did not start off

Counseling Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Counseling Strategy - Essay Example Introduction The rationale of the project is to propose a preferred clear solution to neutralize the emotional dilemma of Bruce after he lost his wife, Cindy and his daughter, Chelsea in an accident in 2000. Bruce also had dwindling relationship concerning his family. The act of revenging her family`s death was burning deep inside him that he even hired Justin, a professional lawyer, to help him deal with the murderer. Bruce needed to know that revenge was not the solution to his problem and that the solution was in a short-term strategy offered by this type of counseling. Solution based short term pastoral counseling, BSPC align with the intention of God by using a more collaborative methodology (Kollar, 2011, p. 20-23).   With this the student counselor definitely, will come to know much earlier in his or her process of trying to understand the problem engulfing the life of the care-seeker, that they are not, in any way game-changer. This method is an identification of a means wh ich empowers, in a collaborative, the relocation, That is, a purposeful and collaborative way of making one move from where he or she is to where they are suppose to be through a direction which is well-defined in terms of goal. As opposed to problem-focused methods that need more time, the SBSPC approach manages counseling process more effectively. It`s also time-oriented with an average of 70 minute time span per session (Kollar, 2011, p. 25-28). SBSPC provide a challenge to the student counselors that enable them to reconsider existing paradigms as well as to value each counselee like colleague image-bearer. With this kind of reflection, it often cultivates the... From this paper it is clear that SBSPC provide a challenge to the student counselors that enable them to reconsider existing paradigms as well as to value each counselee like colleague image-bearer. With this kind of reflection, it often cultivates the most essential interpersonal required skills such as considerate, empathetic and authentic, to blend with a counselee problem minus compromising grace and truth. The moment a problem is understood in a satisfactory manner, goals and solutions will be collaboratively established.This discussion outlines that  a plan to carry out actions is engaged to shift away as well as outdo the problem and move into the future minus the problem. This is suitable and process that doesn`t assume the counselee can move into realization of his goal alone. Immediately the key to his solution is realized, effort is put to identify as well as secure partners so as to support counselee`s forward progress. The approach in this project challenges every stud ent counselor to function under the authority of God`s word and in Holy Spirit`s power and intentionally go after the imitation Jesus Christ and taking others the in the way of faith and imitate their creator in a community lead by accountability.  A solution-centered approach pay more attention to counseling in order to rob the counselee of his attention to the problems instead help the counselee to give more attention to the solution that leads to emotional stability as well as psychological well-being.

The influences of price elasticity of demand(Microeconomics) Essay

The influences of price elasticity of demand(Microeconomics) - Essay Example These are usually elastic goods. Price elasticity of demand influences total revenue. When there is increase in price, more revenue is generated on every item that is sold along with the fact that there are fewer items sold. When the aim is to increase total revenue, we must decide which effect is larger. In case of inelastic demand, the increased price affects the total revenue significantly which become directly proportional to increase in price; whereas, in case of elastic demand, the factor that influences total revenue is the lower quantity which makes the revenue inversely proportional to increase in price. Mainly, there are three factors that contribute to demand elasticity (Investopedia, 2010). These are explained below along with a description of how these factors influence consumers to purchase goods: The thumb rule is that: the more is the availability of product substitutes, the more elastic is the demand. Increase in price of elastic goods will influence their demand and the consumer will start looking for other options to replace the product he was using. For example, if the price of tetra pack milk goes up by $1.25, the consumer will start buying fresh milk. Thus, the demand of tetra pack milk decreases. But the industry itself is inelastic, that is if the price of milk as a whole goes up, the consumer will not stop buying milk as it is a necessity. â€Å"Thus, while a product within an industry is elastic due to the availability of substitutes, the industry itself tends to be inelastic† (Investopedia, 2010). This factor deals with the amount of income that is available for a person to spend on goods. If price of an elastic good goes up and the income remains the same, the person will have less to spend on that good than what he had to spend before price increased. For example, the quantity of tetra packs he bought

The United States government should ban gun control laws Research Paper

The United States government should ban gun control laws - Research Paper Example Watson (2005) argue that the gun politics have become a significant issue whereby many political leaders have come up with ideologies relating to possessing guns through illegal and non-illegal use. They address this issue basing on the safety of the state, but the gun politics deals with the issue of regulations, personal possessing of firearms and restriction of using guns. The issues of gun control have become the foremost debate in the United States. This is  because the proponents argue that owning guns will contribute to widespread danger whereas the opponents argue that it is one of the individual rights for self-security. Gun politics in the US has been a serious and long debate in the American politics. The debate concerning the possession of guns has been for long decades the issue. Some politicians argue that the gun control should be prohibited whereas others argue that gun control should be permissible. Those who support the US citizens from possessing the guns argue t hat it is one of the constitutional act of individual right of self-security. They argue this basing on the second Amendment of constitutional right bill that permits and protects individual rights of owning handguns. This constitution right was ratified in December 1971 together with other Bill of Rights. However, the Supreme Court ruled out the second amendment of permitting an individual to own handguns in a state for self-protection. The arguments in favor for banning the gun control laws are varied. First, the society requires reasonable gun control laws. The local and federal government enacted laws that protect and defends the property of people in the US. Thus, proponents of restrictive gun control laws argue that, by under- regulating, the law will put the state residents at unreasonable risk. This is because the community requires reasonable gun control that would not create any risk to the public. Crooker (2003) asserts that the American people may feel  unsafe in case the government allows everyone in the community to carry a gun. Although the government may ban gun control, they should prohibit ordinary citizens from using the gun in the public places such as schools, hospitals, churches and market places. The government should offer the citizens of US a right for reasonable protection from any causes of danger especially danger of using the gun. Secondly, high rates of firearm related violence and increased deaths such as homicides are behind the  need for banning the gun control. The proponents of gun control argue that the gun control should be made illegal. This is because owing personal firearms will contribute to increased crimes such as homicides and increased deaths in a state. The research report of 2011 indicated that about 47 percent of people in US own personal firearms in their houses (Watson, 2005). Thus, about 20 percent of homicides occur in many parts of the US because many families own private handguns. Therefore, banning gun control is essential because it will reduce cases of homicides, which are common in some states, in the American society. Those supporting the ban of gun control believe that by restricting gun ownership in the US state, government will be able to lessen gun related crimes such as suicide and homicides. This is because the research report indicates that gun related crimes are high in US with the majority of homicides being reported to be high followed by suicide. Watson 2005) argue that gun related

Ultrasound Machines India China And A Skewed Essay Example for Free

Ultrasound Machines India China And A Skewed Essay General Electric Co. and other companies have sold so many ultrasound machines in India that tests are now available in small towns like Indergarh, where there is no drinking water, electricity is infrequent, and roads turn to mud after a March rain shower. A scan typically costs $8, or a week’s wages. GE has waded into India’s market as the country grapples  with a difficult social issue: the abortion of female fetuses by families who want boys. Campaigners against the practice and some government officials are linking the country’s widely reported skewed sex ratio with the spread of ultrasound machines. That’s putting GE, the market leader in India, under the spotlight. It faces legal hurdles, government scrutiny, and thorny business problems in one of the world’s fastest-growing economies. â€Å"Ultrasound is the main reason the sex ratio is coming  down,† says Kalpana Bhavre, who is in charge of women and  child welfare for the Datia district government, which includes Indergarh. Having a daughter is often viewed as incurring a  lifetime of debt for parents because of the dowry payment at marriage. Compared with that, the cost of an ultrasound â€Å"is nothing,† she says. For more than a decade, the Indian government has tried to  stop ultrasound technology from being used as a tool to determine gender. The devices use sound waves to produce images of fetuses or internal organs for a range of diagnostic purposes. India has passed laws forbidding doctors from disclosing the sex of fetuses, required official registrations of clinics, and stiffened punishments for offenders. Nevertheless, some estimate that hundreds of thousands of girl fetuses are aborted each year. GE, by far the largest seller of ultrasound machines in India through a joint venture with the Indian outsourcing giant Wipro Ltd., introduced its own safeguards, even though that means forsaking sales. â€Å"We stress emphatically that the machines aren’t to be used for sex determination,† says V. Raja, chief executive of GE Healthcare South Asia. â€Å"This is not the  root cause of female feticide in India.† But the efforts have failed to stop the problem, as a growing economy has made the scans affordable to more people. The skewed sex ratio is an example of how India’s strong economy has, in unpredictable ways, exacerbated some nagging social problems, such as the traditional preference for boys. Some activists are accusing GE of not doing enough to prevent unlawful use of its machines to boost sales. â€Å"There is a demand for a boy that’s been completely exploited by multinationals,† says Puneet Bedi, a New Delhi obstetrician. He says GE and others market the machines as an essential pregnancy tool, though the scans often aren’t necessary for mothers in lowrisk groups. Prosecutors in the city of Hyderabad brought a criminal case against the GE venture with Wipro, as well as Erbis Engineering Co., the medical-equipment distributor in India for Japan’s Toshiba Corp. In the suits, the district government alleged that the companies knowingly supplied u ltrasound machines to clinics that were not registered with the government and were illegally performing India has been a critical market to GE. Its outsourcing operations have helped the Fairfield, Connecticut, giant cut costs. The country also is a  growing market for GE’s heavy equipment and other products. The company won’t disclose its ultrasound sales, but Wipro GE’s overall sales in India, which includes ultrasounds and other diagnostic equipment, reached about $250 million in 2006, up from $30 million in 1995. Annual ultrasound sales in India from all vendors also reached $77 million last year, up about 10 percent from the year before, according to an estimate from consulting firm Frost Sullivan, which describes GE as the clear market leader. Other vendors include Siemens AG, Philips Electronics NV, and Mindray International Medical Ltd., a new Chinese entrant for India’s pricesensitive customers. India has long struggled with an inordinate number of male births, and female infanticide—the killing of newborn baby girls—remains a problem. The abortion of female fetuses is a more recent trend, but unless â€Å"urgent action is taken,† it’s poised to escalate as the use of ultrasound services expands, the United Nations Children’s Fund said in a report. India’s â€Å"alarming decline in the child sex ratio† is likely to exacerbate child marriage, trafficking of women for prostitution, and other problems, the report said. The latest official Indian census, in 2001, showed a steep decline in the relative number of girls aged 0 to 6 years compared with the decade earlier: 927 girls for every 1,000 boys compared with 945 in 1991. In much of northwest India, the number of girls has fallen below 900 for every 1,000 boys. In the northern state of Punjab, the figure is below 800. Only China today has a wider gender gap, with 832 girls born for every 1,000 boys among infants aged 0 to 4 years, according to UNICEF. GE sells about three times as many ultrasound machines in China as in India. In January, the Chinese government pledged to improve the gender balance, including tighter monitoring of ultrasounds. Some experts predict China will be more effective than India in enforcing its rules, given its success at other populationcontrol measures. Boys in India are viewed as wealth earners during life and  lighters of one’s funeral pyre at death. India’s National Family Health Survey, released in February, showed that 90 percent of parents with two sons didn’t want any more children. Of those with two daughters, 38 percent wanted to try again. Although there are restrictions on abortions in this Hindu-majority nation, the rules offer enough leeway for most women to get around them. GE took the lead in selling ultrasounds in the early 1990s soon after it began manufacturing the devices in India. It tapped Wipro’s extensive distribution and service network to deliver its products to about 80 percent of its customers. For more remote locations and lower-end machines, it used sales agents. The company also teamed with banks to help doctors finance  the purchase of their machines. GE now sells about 15 different models, ranging from machines costing $100,000 that offer sophisticated color images to basic black-and-white scanners that retail for about $7,500. To boost sales, GE has targeted small-town doctors. The  company has kept prices down by refurbishing old equipment  and marketing laptop machines to doctors who travel frequently, including to rural areas. GE also offered discounts to buyers inclined to boast about their new gadgets, according to a former GE employee. â€Å"Strategically, we focused on those customers who had big mouths,† said Manish Vora, who then sold ultrasounds in the western Indian state of Gujarat for the Wipro-GE joint venture. Without discussing specific sales tactics, Raja, of GE Healthcare South Asia,  acknowledges the company is â€Å"aggressive† in pursuing its goals. But he points out that ultrasound machines have broad benefits and make childbirth safer. As the machines become more available, women can avoid making long trips into cities where healthcare typically is more expensive, he says. Indian authorities have tried to regulate sales. In 1994, the government outlawed sex selection and empowered Indian authorities to search clinics and seize anything that aided sex selection. Today any clinic that has an ultrasound machine must register with the local government and provide an affidavit that it will not conduct sex selection. To date, more than 30,000 ultrasound clinics have been registered in India. GE has taken a number of steps to ensure customers comply  with the law. It has educated its sales force about the regulatory regime, demanded its own affidavits from customers that they will not use the machines for sex selection, and followed up with periodic audits, say executives. They note that in 2004, the first full year it began implementing these new measures, GE’s sales in India shrank by about 10 percent from the year before. The sales decline in the low-end segment, for black-and-white ultrasound machines, was especially sharp, executives say. Only in 2006 did GE return to the sales level it had reached before the regulations were implemented, according to Raja. Complying with Indian law is often tricky. GE cannot tell if doctors sell machines to others who fail to register them. Different states interpret registration rules differently. GE also is under close scrutiny by activists battling the illegal abortion of female fetuses. Sabu George, a 48-year-old activist who holds degrees from Johns Hopkins and Cornell universities, criss-crosses the country to spot illegal clinics. The criminal case in Hyderabad against Wipro-GE, a company  representative, three doctors, and an ultrasound technician followed an inspection that found one clinic could not produce proper registration and had not kept complete records for two years. A team of inspectors seized an ultrasound supplied by Wipro-GE. The inspection team’s report said it suspected the clinic was using the machines for illegal sex determination. The owner, Sarawathi Devi, acknowledged in an interview  that her clinic, Rite Diagnostics, was not officially registered at the time of the inspection. She said the ultrasound machine was owned by a â€Å"freelance† radiologist who had obtained proper documentation for the Wipro-GE machine but was not there when the inspectors had arrived. She denied the clinic has conducted sex determination tests. Later, Dr. Devi’s records show, she registered the clinic with the government and bought a Wipro-GE machine, a sale the company confirms. The court case was part of a wider dragnet spearheaded  by Hyderabad’s top civil servant, District Magistrate Arvind Kumar. During an audit last year, Kumar demanded paperwork  for 389 local scan centers. Only 16 percent could furnish complete address information for its patients, making it almost impossible to track women to check if they had abortions following their scans. Kumar ordered the seizure of almost one-third of the ultrasound machines in the district due to registration and paperwork problems. A suit also was lodged against Erbis, the Toshiba dealer. GE’s Raja says that, in general, if there’s any doubt about the customer’s intent to comply with India’s laws, it doesn’t make the sale. â€Å"There is no winking or blinking,† he says. A Wipro-GE representative is scheduled to appear at the  Hyderabad court hearing. An Erbis spokesman said he was unaware of the case in Hyderabad. A court date for Erbis had not been set. A visit to the clinic in Indergarh, a town surrounded by fields of tawny wheat, shows the challenges GE faces keeping tabs on its machines. Inside the clinic, a dozen women wrapped in saris awaited tests on GE’s Logiq 100 ultrasound machine. The line snaked along wooden benches and down into a darkened basement. On the wall, scrawled in white paint, was the message: â€Å"We don’t do sex selection.† Manish Gupta, a 34-year-old doctor, said he drives two hours each way every week to Indergarh from much larger Jhansi City, where there are dozens of competing ultrasound clinics. He said even when offered bribes, he refuses to disclose the sex of the fetus. â€Å"I’m just against that,† Dr. Gupta said. But he is not complying with Indian law. Although the law requires that clinics display their registration certificate in a conspicuous place, Dr. Gupta’s was nowhere to be seen. When Dr. George, the social activist, asked for the registration, he was shown a different document, an application. But the application was for a different clinic: the Sakshi X-ray center. Dr. Gupta said the proper document wasn’t with him, adding: â€Å"I must have forgotten it at home.† Asked by The Wall Street Journal about the clinic, the local chief magistrate of Datia district called for Dr. Gupta’s dossier later in the day. When a local official arrived, â€Å"Sakshi X-Ray center† had been crossed out on the application. In blue pen was written the correct name, â€Å"Sheetal Nagar,† the part of Indergarh where the clinic is located. It’s not clear how Dr. Gupta procured the GE machine. Dr. Gupta said he bought it from a GE company representative, but he declined to show documents of ownership. GE says it does not comment on individual customers. Like the rest of India, the Datia district government has  taken a number of steps to try to boost the number of girls in the district. For girls of poor families, the local government provides a place to live, free school uniforms, and books. When they enter ninth grade, the government buys bicycles for them. Yet the low ratio of girls born had not budged much over the past decade, according to Bhavre, the district government official. Ultimately, says Raja, head of GE Healthcare in South Asia, it’s the job of the government, not companies, to change the prevailing preference for boys. â€Å"What’s really needed is a change in mindsets. A lot of education has to happen and the government has to do it,† he says. India’s Ministry of Health, which is now pursuing 422 different cases against doctors accused of using ultrasounds for sex selection, agrees. â€Å"Mere legislation is not enough to deal with this problem,† the ministry said in a statement. â€Å"The situation could change only when the daughters are not treated as a burden and the sons as assets.† Most recently, both Siemens and GE have introduced handheld  ultrasound machines, only slightly larger than an iPhone. Initially they will sell for under $10,000.

Malaysian Airline vs Airasia: An Analysis

Malaysian Airline vs Airasia: An Analysis Introduction 1.1.1 The first air service route is conducted between Penang and Singapore during the colonial of British and this led to the incorporation of Malaysia Airways Limited (MAL) in year 1937 by the British government. With the emergence of Malaysia in year 1963, the airline changed its name to Malaysian-Singapore Airlines then to Malaysia Airline Limited in year 1973 and eventually to Malaysia Airlines in year 1987. 1.1.2 AirAsia was set up in 1993 and started up its business on 18 November 1996. The founder of Airasia was a government-owned conglomerate DRB-Hicom. Airasia has incurred a lot of debt and liability at that time and former Time Warner executive Tony Fernandess company Tune Air Sdn Bhd decided to purchase Airasia based on market share price at time of RM1 on 2 December 2001. Mission and objectives Malaysia Airlines vision is to become An Airline of Excellence. Its mission is to become a consistently profitable growth airline through the strategy of business transformation plan and its objective is to flying to win customers and convert the airlines IT operations to deliver fantastic internal customer experience. The mission of Airasia is to form ASEAN brand of Airline Company that is widely known around the globe and to arrive at the lowest cost so that everyone can afford to fly with AirAsia. It also aims to keep its company on track with the latest industry developments and to incorporate excellence practices into their operations that will benefit their customers. The brands or products manufactured Malaysia Airlines Domestic benefits, international benefits, annual benefit travel insurance Malaysia Airlines management team has offer three product plan options: Basic Plan, Value Plan and Premier Plan for domestic traveler, overseas traveler, and frequent traveler. Frequent flyer program Malaysia Airlines has two frequent flyer programs: Grads for Students (Grads) and Enrich. Grads is a frequent flyer program with benefits designed for students whereas Enrich is specifically designed for frequent travelers especially businessman will enable them to gain privileges of obtaining discount or free flights when travelling around the world. Airasia 1.3.2.1 AirAsia Insure Travel Protection is exclusively designed to protect and insure the respective traveler during the duration of flying with Airasia. It comprises In-Flight Plan and Comprehensive Plan. In-Flight Plan was insurance program specifically designed for one-way journey passenger. However, Comprehensive Plan was devised for two-way journey passenger. Types of products Malaysia Airlines offered products such as travel insurance, air cargo services, international and domestic flight services, classes of cabin seats, MAS magazines, MAS souvenirs and value fare packages like Get-the-Deal, and Balik Kampung. Airasia is offering products such as Airasia courier services, Airasia souvenirs, Airasia credit card, Airasia self-produced magazines and Airasia cargo delivery service. Logo and tag-lines The appearance of the corporate logo is designed to be moon kite, with a sheared swept-back look. The word MALAYSIA is italicised to lean parallel with the logo to emphasize on speed as well as direction. The letters MAS bear red clippings in the font style to symbolize the initials of the statutory name of the airline, Malaysian Airline System (MAS). The introduction of blue to the original red to the moon kite logo has national meaning. Moreover, the red and blue divide equally in the middle has a sense of equilibrium. Moreover, the tag-line emphasizes that MH is more than just an airline code; in fact MH is Malaysian Hospitality. Airasia logo is Airasia in italicized form with the characters shaded by red color background whereas its tag-line is Now Everyone can fly. The red color logo is a strong message to the world about environmental problem. Current business development Type of business Topic Sentence: Both Airasia and Malaysia Airlines engaged in trading and services industry. Supporting detail 1: Malaysia Airline is a Malaysia-based company service whereas Airasia is a Thai-based company that engaged in air transportation and their related services. Supporting detail 2: They engaged in operation such as cargo and courier service, goods retailing as well as passenger carrier. Strategies Topic Sentences: In order to be competitive in the industry, Airasia has practised cost leadership strategies whilst Malaysia Airlines(MAS) involved in business transformation plan. Supporting detail 1: Airasia tend to focus on short route to a certain destination in order2 to reduce operating cost. Supporting detail 2: Business transformation program is competitive strategy used by MAS to fight over the big threat such as intense competition, rising cost of fuel in airline industry 2.3 Investor relations Topic Sentences: Airasia and Malaysia Airlines are public listed company traded on the main board of Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange. Supporting detail 1: The stock of Airasia and Malaysia Airlines are ordinary shares offered to be transacted in primary market and secondary market. Supporting detail 2: Airasia recorded revenue of RM941 million year over year with a 26% growth while Malaysia Airline incurred an operating loss of RM 286 million in the second quarter of year 2010. Public relations Topic Sentence: Airasia launched AirasiaMegastore, an online shopping gateway for consumers while Malaysia Airlines established PINTAR visit mainly for students Supporting detail 1: Airasia Mega Store open 24 hours every day and it offers a wide variety of branded product at discounted price Supporting detail 2: MAS provide students with academic tour to Malaysia Airlines and tourist spot in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya because they are concerned about the academic progress of students in Malaysia. 3.0 Marketing strategies. 3.1They market their product by using different strategies in order to gain competitive advantage in the markets. 3.1.1 They use market segmentation strategy to split out the market they want to serve. For example, Air Asia segments the market with different income groups and serves the low income group. However, MAS serve the high income group initially, but because of the emerging of Air Asia, it also moves into serving the low income group of customers. 3.1.2 In order to serve the market they have targeted, they positioned themselves differently to gain a different brand image in the mind of customers. Air Asia is using price or quality positioning strategy. On the other hand, MAS tend to use product class positioning at first, but it changes to a mix positioning strategy of price or quality and product class. 3.2 They compete with their competitors with 4P strategies which are commonly applied in marketing. 3.2.1 They use different price strategies that reflect their positioning strategy and price objective to compete in the market. Air Asia is using everyday low price strategy and trying to compete in Blue Ocean. However, MAS use prestige pricing strategy at first, after then which it change to mixed pricing strategies included meeting competitors pricing. 3.2.2 They use different product strategies, so that they can provide different kind of services to compete. Air Asia provides non-frills services in order to keep the cost as low as possible. While MAS provides excellent and luxury services at first, after which it also come out with low price product to compete with its competitors. 3.2.3 They use different promotion strategies to fight against their competitors promotion strategies. Both come out with a variety of special promotions to attract customers. For example, MAS come out RM 1 for ticket to compete with free seat of Air Asia and sometime the fare of MAS is even lower than Air Asia. 3.3 Advertising methods have played an important role to attract the attention and perform the function of informing, persuading and reminding the customers. 3.3.1 They are involved in different advertising channel like television, newspaper, MATTA fair, sponsorship, internet, radio and even performing social corporate responsibility to grab the public attention. 4.0 Conclusion 4.1 The unpredictable changing environment and fierce competition are challenging their company stability. 4.1.1 The increase of fuel price globally has challenged their ability to control the operating cost. Both companies performance was also seriously affected. 4.1.2The management of resources has to be managed effectively and efficiently to remain agile in the market. Air Asia has to control the punctuality index and customer services which were resulted from the behavior of over save cost. In contrast, MAS has to control its behavior of being uneconomical. 4.2 Recently, both of them have developed so well to proceed to their vision, mission and objective. 4.2.1 They have made a lot of improvement on customer services standard to please their beloved customer. Air Asia has adopted complex information system such as state-of-the-art booking system to process various booking. At the same time, MAS has also invested few hundred millions on passenger service system to shorten and provide faster services. 4.2.2 They have expanded their service world-wide in order to provide more choices to customer. Air Asia has joined VietJet airline from Vietnam, and Jestar airline from Australia to expand their routes. However, it also involves in other business, like hotel sector, online purchase and so on. MAS also expand their routes to more area, and involve in online shopping. 4.2.3 They have performed corporate social responsibility to contribute to the society. Air Asia has supported MERCY Malaysias relief mission in Padang, Indonesia whereas MAS has put effort to reduce the carbon dioxide emission to promote a greener environment. 4.3 They are continuing their effort to achieve their vision and promise to do better! 4.3.1 Both companies do not reveal any specify future plan about 2011. But by referring to previous ongoing plans, we tend to know fairly how and where these two companies will move in their future plan. MAS will continue their steps of business transformation plans 2 in this case, such as maintaining 5 stars quality of services and low cost, attracting more customers, building up the network and capacity through service providing. In the future, Air Asia will provide more low cost journey and increase the regularity of fly. It will also continuously keep the cost as low as possible and enable more people to fly! Prepared by: Betty Yong Siew Ning (0902327) Wong Chin Hong (0902068)